The United States Court of International Trade is an Article III court, with full powers in law and equity. The Customs Court Act of 1980 replaced the old United States Customs Court with the United States Court of International Trade. The Court has nine sitting Judges, as well as Senior Judges. The Court sits in New York City, although it is authorized to sit elsewhere, including in foreign nations.
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The Court possesses limited subject matter jurisdiction, meaning that it may hear only cases involving particular international trade and customs law questions. For example, the Court hears disputes such as those involving protests filed with U.S. Customs and Border Protection, decisions regarding Trade Adjustment Assistance by the United States Department of Labor or United States Department of Agriculture, customs broker licensing, and disputes relating to determinations made by the United States International Trade Commission and the Department of Commerce's International Trade Administration regarding antidumping and countervailing duties.
There is one notable exception to the Court's jurisdiction. In cases involving antidumping and countervailing duties imposed on Canadian or Mexican merchandise, an interested party can request that the case be heard before a special ad hoc binational panel organized under Chapter 19 of the 1988 Canadian-U.S. Free Trade Agreement.
Most cases are heard by a single judge. If a case challenges the constitutionality of a U.S. law or has important implications regarding the administration or interpretation of the customs laws, then it may be heard by a three-judge panel. Many Judges of the Court of International Trade also regularly sit by designation on three-judge panels of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
Although the Court maintains its own rules of procedure, they are patterned for the most part on the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The court has held that decisions interpreting the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure are "instructive" in interpreting its own rules.
Appeals from the Court of International Trade are heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which normally sits in Washington, D.C. Further appeals from the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit are heard by the Supreme Court of the United States.
The James L. Watson Court of International Trade Building, located on Foley Square in lower Manhattan in New York City, houses the court. It is also known as 1 Federal Plaza and is adjacent to the Jacob K. Javits Federal Building.
The building is named for James L. Watson, a judge of the United States Customs Court. The legislation naming the building for Watson was authored by U.S. Representative Charles Rangel of New York.[1]
| Judge | Began active service |
Ended active service |
Ended senior service |
Appointed by |
| Jane A. Restani[2] | 1983 | - | - | Ronald Reagan |
| Gregory W. Carman[3] | 1983 | - | - | Ronald Reagan |
| Donald C. Pogue | 1995 | - | - | Bill Clinton |
| Delissa A. Ridgway | 1998 | - | - | Bill Clinton |
| Richard K. Eaton | 1999 | - | - | Bill Clinton |
| Timothy C. Stanceu | 2003 | - | - | George W. Bush |
| Leo M. Gordon | 2006 | - | - | George W. Bush |
| (vacant since 2011-06-02 - formerly Barzilay) | (n/a) | (n/a) | (n/a) | (n/a) |
| (vacant since 2011-11-18 - formerly Wallach) | (n/a) | (n/a) | (n/a) | (n/a) |
| Thomas J. Aquilino, Jr. | 1985 | 2004 | - | Ronald Reagan |
| Nicholas Tsoucalas | 1986 | 1996 | - | Ronald Reagan |
| R. Kenton Musgrave | 1987 | 1997 | - | Ronald Reagan |
| Richard W. Goldberg | 1991 | 2001 | - | George H.W. Bush |
| Judith M. Barzilay | 1998 | 2011 | - | Bill Clinton |
| Judge | Began active service |
Ended active service |
Ended senior service |
Appointed by |
| James Lopez Watson | 1966 | 1991 | 2001 (death) | Lyndon Johnson |
| Edward Dominic Re | 1968 | 1991[4] | - | Lyndon Johnson |
| Bernard Newman | 1968 | 1983 | 1999 (death) | Lyndon Johnson |
| Dominick L. DiCarlo | 1984 | 1996[5] | 2009 (death) | Ronald Reagan |
| Paul Peter Rao | 1948 | ? | ? | Harry Truman |
| Scovel Richardson | 1957 | ? | ? | Dwight Eisenhower |
| Frederick Landis, Jr. | 1965 | ? | ? | Lyndon Johnson |
| Herbert Naaman Maletz | 1967 | ? | ? | Lyndon Johnson |
| Samuel Murray Rosenstein | 1968 | ? | ? | Lyndon Johnson |
| Nils Andreas Boe | 1971 | ? | ? | Richard Nixon |
| Evan Wallach | 1997 | 2011 | - | Bill Clinton |
| Judge | Began active service |
Ended active service |
Appointed by |
| Charles H. Ham | 1890 | 1902 | Benjamin Harrison |
| James A. Jewell | 1890 | 1903 | Benjamin Harrison |
| George H. Sharpe | 1890 | 1900 | Benjamin Harrison |
| Thaddeus S. Sharretts | 1890 | 1913 | Benjamin Harrison |
| Ferdinand N. Shurtleff | 1890 | 1899 | Benjamin Harrison |
| Henderson M. Somerville | 1890 | 1915 | Benjamin Harrison |
| Joseph Lewis Stackpole | 1890 | 1891 | Benjamin Harrison |
| George C. Tichenor | 1890 | 1902 | Benjamin Harrison |
| Joseph Biddle Wilkinson, Jr. | 1890 | 1900 | Benjamin Harrison |
| Wilbur Fisk Lunt | 1891 | 1907 | Benjamin Harrison |
| William Barberie Howell | 1899 | 1927 | William McKinley |
| Israel Fredrick Fischer | 1899 | 1940 | William McKinley |
| Marion De Vries | 1900 | 1910 | William McKinley |
| Byron Sylvester Waite | 1902 | 1930 | Theodore Roosevelt |
| Eugene Gano Hay | 1903 | 1924 | Theodore Roosevelt |
| Charles Paul McClelland | 1903 | 1939 | Theodore Roosevelt |
| Roy Chamberlain | 1908 | 1913 | Theodore Roosevelt |
| Samuel Bronson Cooper | 1910 | 1918 | William H. Taft |
| George Stewart Brown | 1913 | 1941 | Woodrow Wilson |
| Jerry Bartholomew Sullivan | 1913 | 1948 | Woodrow Wilson |
| William Charles Adamson | 1917 | 1928 | Woodrow Wilson |
| George Emery Weller | 1919 | 1932 | Woodrow Wilson |
| George M. Young | 1924 | 1932 | Calvin Coolidge |
| Genevieve Rose Cline | 1928 | 1959 | Calvin Coolidge |
| William Josiah Tilson | 1928 | 1949 | Calvin Coolidge |
| Walter Howard Evans | 1931 | 1959 | Herbert Hoover |
| David Hayes Kincheloe | 1931 | 1950 | Herbert Hoover |
| Fredrick William Dallinger | 1932 | 1955 | Herbert Hoover |
| William John Keefe | 1933 | 1955 | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Webster Oliver | 1940 | 1969 | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Thomas Joseph Walker | 1940 | 1945 | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| William Purrington Cole | 1942 | 1952 | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| William Alexander Ekwall | 1942 | 1956 | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Charles Drummond Lawrence | 1943 | 1975 | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Morgan Ford | 1949 | 1980 | Harry Truman |
| Jed Joseph Johnson | 1947 | 1963 | Harry Truman |
| Irving Charles Mollison | 1945 | 1962 | Harry Truman |
| Paul Peter Rao | 1948 | 1980[6] | Harry Truman |
| David John Wilson | 1954 | 1976 | Dwight Eisenhower |
| Mary Donlon Alger | 1955 | 1977 | Dwight Eisenhower |
| Scovel Richardson | 1957 | 1980[6] | Dwight Eisenhower |
| Philip Nichols, Jr. | 1964 | 1966 | Lyndon Johnson |
| Frederick Landis, Jr. | 1965 | 1980[6] | Lyndon Johnson |
| James Lopez Watson | 1966 | 1980[6] | Lyndon Johnson |
| Lindley Garrison Beckworth, Sr. | 1967 | 1968 | Lyndon Johnson |
| Herbert Naaman Maletz | 1967 | 1980[6] | Lyndon Johnson |
| Bernard Newman | 1968 | 1980[6] | Lyndon Johnson |
| Edward D. Re | 1968 | 1980[6] | Lyndon Johnson |
| Samuel Murray Rosenstein | 1968 | 1980[6] | Lyndon Johnson |
| Nils Andreas Boe | 1971 | 1980[6] | Richard Nixon |
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